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Login or signup to continue reading $ 0 / $ NaN /year All articles from our website & app The digital version of Today's Paper Breaking news alerts direct to your inbox Interactive Crosswords, Sudoku and Trivia All articles from the other regional websites in your area Continue Photo by Shutterstock. When it comes to the all-consuming world of the beauty industry, the sheer variety of skincare products can leave many wondering where to start and what's truly essential for their skin type. If you aren't a dermatologist or beauty expert, it's likely that advertising is guiding the choice on what product is right for you.
But perhaps the best way to determine whether a beauty product is likely to be your new favourite is to find out more about the ingredients themselves. In this article, we demystify the top skincare ingredients to help you understand what they are, what they do, and how to use them. Photo by Shutterstock.
RETINOL: ANTI-AGEING What is retinol and how does it work? Retinol , also known as vitamin A1 is a type of retinoid and a derivative of vitamin A, which is an essential nutrient for eye and skin health, cellular development and immune function. In its topical form, retinol can be found in a range of skin creams, serums, oils and moisturisers at beauty stores or over the counter at pharmacies. Unlike many beauty products for mature skin, the small molecules that make up retinol penetrate deep beneath the outer layer of skin (the epidermis) to the middle layer of skin (the dermis).
Once there, retinol helps to neutralise free radicals and in doing so, boosts the production of elastin and collagen, which helps to create its signature "plumping" or "smoothing" appearance. Benefits Retinol is a powerful ingredient in skincare that can offer a range of benefits for the skin. Here's why it's often considered a must-have in beauty routines: Anti-ageing: Retinol has been studied for its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating collagen production, which helps maintain skin elasticity and firmness.
Skin texture: Regular use of retinol can improve skin texture, making it smoother and softer by accelerating cell turnover. This process helps the skin shed dead skin cells and promote the formation of healthy, new ones. Acne treatment : Retinol is effective in treating and preventing acne by unclogging pores, reducing oil production, and decreasing inflammation.
It can also improve some acne scars over time. Hyperpigmentation : Retinol can help fade dark spots, hyperpigmentation and sun damage to promote a more radiant complexion. It works by promoting cell turnover and inhibiting the tyrosinase production that causes dark spots.
Brightening effect: With consistent use, retinol can give your skin a brighter, more youthful appearance by reducing dullness and promoting a healthy glow. Prevention: Beyond treating some existing skin concerns, retinol can be used as a less-invasive preventative measure to maintain clear skin and a youthful appearance. Risks While retinol has continued to gain popularity in recent years, it's important to be aware of the potential risks associated with its use.
Some common concerns: Skin irritation: Retinol can cause redness, dryness, peeling and flaking, especially when you first start using it or if it's applied too frequently. These side effects occur because retinol speeds up cell turnover, which can initially disrupt the skin barrier. Increased sensitivity: Retinol makes your skin more sensitive to the sun, which can increase the risk of sunburn and sun damage.
This is why it's crucial to apply sunscreen daily and avoid excessive sun exposure. Initial breakouts : Some users experience initial worsening of acne when they start using retinol. This "purging" period occurs as retinol accelerates the skin's renewal process, bringing underlying blockages to the surface.
Not suitable for everyone: Retinol isn't recommended for everyone, including pregnant or breastfeeding women, as high doses of vitamin A can potentially harm the baby. Additionally, people with very sensitive skin, ezcema or rosacea may find retinol too harsh. Interaction with other products : Using retinol alongside other potent skincare ingredients like exfoliants (AHAs, BHAs).
It is important to be mindful of your own skin routine when applying retinol and to consult a dermatologist or GP if you are unsure. Overuse risks: Overusing retinol, either by applying too often or using a concentration that's too harsh, can lead to severe dryness, irritation and even long-term damage to the skin barrier. Not suitable for youthful skin, particularly for those in their teens or early 20s : Young skin typically regenerates more rapidly and doesn't yet show signs of ageing, such as fine lines and wrinkles.
Using retinol prematurely can disrupt the natural skin cycle and may not provide significant benefits as the skin's collagen and elasticity is in good condition. How to use retinol When trying retinol for the first time, we recommend asking your GP or dermatologist whether retinol is appropriate for you, and at what dosage. The key with retinol is to start slowly ( so as to avoid irritation and maximise its benefits).
This means using it once or twice a week and gradually increasing to every other night or as tolerated to see how your skin responds. Begin with gently cleansing your face and pat dry. Avoid using exfoliants or peeling agents before applying retinol, as this can increase sensitivity.
Then, apply a pea sized amount to your face before following with a hydrating moisturiser to reduce the risk of dryness and irritation. Make sure to apply sunscreen daily as retinol makes your skin more sensitive to the sun, even on overcast days. And remember that all good things take time.
It can take several weeks to notice improvements in your skin from your retinol routine. Recommended products BEST FOR ACNE - Differin Gel Adapalene 0.1 per cent BEST FOR SCARRING - CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum BEST FOR DARK SPOTS - Murad Retinol Youth Renewal Serum BEST FOR WRINKLES - Neutrogena Rapid Wrinkle Repair Retinol Oil BEST ANTI-AGEING - Paula's Choice 0.
3 per cent Retinol, 2 per cent Bakuchiol, Peptides BEST EVERYDAY - Olay Regenerist Retinol 24 Max Night Face Serum BEST BUDGET - The Ordinary Retinol 0.2 per cent BEST LUXURY - Sunday Riley A+ High Dose Retinol Serum BEST TRAVEL - Drunk Elephant A-Passioni Retinol Cream BEST AUSTRALIAN BRAND - Alpha-H Beauty Sleep Power Peel Photo by Shutterstock. HYALURONIC ACID: HYDRATION What is hyaluronic acid and how does it work? Hyaluronic acid is a gooey, naturally occurring substance in the skin that plays a crucial role in retaining moisture and keeping the skin hydrated, plump and youthful.
Hyaluronic acid belongs to a type of long chain-like molecules called polymers. This chain enables other chemical compounds including water to latch on. Often referred to as a "moisture magnet", hyaluronic acid can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, making it an incredibly effective hydrating agent.
Hyaluronic acid works by attracting and binding water molecules from the environment and deeper layers of the skin, drawing them to the surface of the skin to provide intense hydration to the skin barrier. It is suitable for all skin types and can provide hydration without leaving a heavy or greasy feeling. In fact, scientists have found hyaluronic acid naturally occurring in the skin, eyes and joints.
Benefits Hyaluronic acid is a popular ingredient in skincare because it is naturally occurring in the skin, contains anti-ageing properties and while hydrating, it won't block pores. Below are some of the benefits of adding hyaluronic acid to your skincare routine: Hydration, hydration, hydration : Hyaluronic acid is renowned for its ability to retain moisture. This makes it highly effective at hydrating the skin, leaving it plump, smooth and soft.
Skin elasticity : Regular use of hyaluronic acid can improve the skin's elasticity, giving it a firmer, more youthful appearance. Anti-ageing: By keeping the skin hydrated, hyaluronic acid helps combat fine lines and wrinkles. It also supports the skin barrier which can help slow down the ageing process.
Healing properties : Because hyaluronic acid is naturally present in the skin, it is generally well tolerated and can play a role in wound healing. It can help reduce irritation and redness, which is why it is often included in acne skincare treatments. Suitable for a range of skin types : Hyaluronic acid is non-comedogenic meaning it won't clog pores and is suitable for acne-prone or oily skin.
Risks While hyaluronic acid is generally considered safe, it's important to always patch test products before using them and test for sensitivity. Risks of using hyaluronic acid includes: Temporary effects: The hydrating effects of hyaluronic acid are temporary. Without continuous use, the benefits may fade, as it doesn't permanently change the skin's structure.
Allergic reactions: Although rare, some people might experience allergic reactions to hyaluronic acid, particularly if it is combined with other ingredients in a product. Overuse risks: As with most things, moderation is key. Avoid layering too many hyaluronic acid rich products onto the skin, as this could increase the risk of irritation.
How to use hyaluronic acid It's easy to incorporate hyaluronic acid into a skincare routine, as it is naturally occurring in the skin and is suitable to all skin types. Start with cleansing your face to remove any dirt, oil and makeup to prep your face or create a 'base' for the hyaluronic acid, so that it can absorb into your skin effectively. Unlike retinol (which can cause irritation when applied to damp skin), hyaluronic acid works best when applied to a slightly moist face.
The moisture on your skin actually allows hyaluronic acid to draw in water and lock it into your skin. After applying hyaluronic acid, seal it with a moisturiser to lock in the hydration. This is especially relevant during wintertime or in dry climates.
If you wish to combine hyaluronic acid with other products, you can pair it with Vitamin C to enhance its hydrating and brightening effects, with retinol to counteract its drying effects, and with niacinamide to boost the skin barrier's health and hydration. Recommended products BEST OVERALL - O Cosmedics 3D Hyaluronic Serum BEST BUDGET - The Ordinary Hyaluronic Acid 2 per cent + B5 BEST FOR SENSITIVE SKIN - COSRX Hyaluronic Acid Intensive Cream BEST FOR HYDRATION - Vichy Mineral 89 BEST SPLURGE - La Mer The Revitalizing Hydrating Serum BEST DRUGSTORE: CeraVe Hydrating Hyaluronic Acid Serum BEST FOR OILY SKIN: Paula's Choice RESIST BEST FOR MATURE SKIN: Peter Thomas Roth Water Drench Hyaluronic Cloud Serum BEST FOR GLASS SKIN: Laneige Hydrating Hyaluronic Serum BEST WITH VITAMIN C: La-Roche Posay Hyalu B5 Serum Photo by Shutterstock. VITAMIN C: BRIGHTENING What is vitamin C and how does it work? Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect, brighten and improve skin texture.
By referring to vitamin C as an antioxidant, we mean that it is highly effective at neutralising free radicals, which are harmful molecules generated by UV exposure, pollution and other environmental stressors. Free radicals can damage skin cells, leading to premature ageing, hyperpigmentation, and loss of skin elasticity. By neutralising these free radicals, vitamin C helps protect the skin from oxidative stress to reduce the signs of ageing .
Vitamin C is crucial for collagen production, a protein that gives skin its structure and elasticity. It acts as a co-factor for the enzymes involved in collagen formation. Increased collagen production can reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, contributing to a more youthful complexion.
Vitamin C also inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which is responsible for the production of melanin that gives skin its colour. By reducing melanin production, vitamin C can help brighten the skin, fade hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone. Benefits Vitamin C is a popular antioxidant and skincare ingredient because it both brightens the skin and helps increase collagen production to reduce fine lines and wrinkles.
Some of the benefits of implementing vitamin C into a skincare routine include: Full of antioxidants : Vitamin C neutralises free radicals and protects the skin, helping to prevent signs of premature ageing, such as fine lines, wrinkles and dark spots. Brightens the skin: Vitamin C can help fade dark spots, hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone to contribute to a more radiant complexion. Boosts collagen production: By increasing collagen production, vitamin C can help reduce the appearance of lines and wrinkles.
Reduces redness and inflammation: Vitamin C's anti-inflammatory properties can help calm the skin, reduce redness and soothe irritation. Enhances UV protection : While vitamin C is not a sunscreen, it can enhance the skin's protection against UV damage when used in conjunction with sunscreen. Risks When it comes to vitamin C, risks are prevalent when too much is applied in purer forms, or if the product has oxidised due to not being stored properly.
The risks to be mindful of when using vitamin C, includes: Skin irritation: Vitamin C, especially in its pure form (L-Ascorbic Acid) or in high concentrations can cause irritation, redness, and a stinging sensation, especially for those with sensitive skin. Instability: Vitamin C is highly unstable and can degrade quickly when exposed to light, air or heat. That is why it is often packaged in opaque or airtight containers.
Oxidation: If vitamin C oxidises (turns yellow or brown) it may become less effective and cause skin irritation. How to use vitamin C Vitamin C can be applied in the morning or evening. Start by cleansing your face, then apply a vitamin C serum followed by a moisturiser and sunscreen.
Vitamin C pairs well with other antioxidants like vitamin E and Ferulic Acid, which can enhance its stability and efficacy. It can also be combined with hyaluronic acid for added hydration. As vitamin C is sensitive to light and air, be sure to store vitamin C in a cool, dark place in an airtight container to prevent oxidation.
Recommended products BEST OVERALL - La Roche-Posay Vitamin C Serum BEST BUDGET - L'Oreal Paris Revitalift Vitamin C Face Serum BEST FOR SENSITIVE SKIN - TruSkin Vitamin C Facial Serum BEST FOR ANTI-AGEING - Vichy LiftActiv Vitamin C BEST FOR DARK SPOTS - Murad Vita-C Glycolic Brightening Serum BEST FOR FIRMING - Drunk Elephant C-Firma Serum BEST BRIGHTENING - Ole Henriksen Banana Bright Vitamin C Serum BEST FOR DRY SKIN - CeraVe Vitamin C Serum BEST DRUGSTORE - Versed Stroke of Brilliance Brightening Serum BEST LUXURY - ISDIN Flavo-C Ultraglican Vitamin C and Hyaluronic Acid Serum Photo by Shutterstock. NIACINAMIDE: SKIN SOOTHER What is niacinamide and how does it work? Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B-3. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is widely used in skincare products due to its range of benefits for people with different skin types and concerns.
Niacinamide works by enhancing the production of ceramides, which are the lipids that form the skin's protective barrier. A strong barrier helps to retain moisture and protects the skin from environmental stressors like pollution and allergens. This makes niacinamide especially effective for dry and sensitive skin.
Niacinamide also has anti-inflammatory properties, meaning it can be beneficial for calming irritated skin. It can help reduce redness and inflammation, which also makes it a popular treatment for acne, rosacea and eczema. As well as this, niacinamide helps regulate oil production (sebum), reducing the likelihood of blocked pores and breakouts.
Niacinamide is known for inhibiting the transfer of melanin to the skin, which means it can help brighten the skin and reduce the presence of dark spots. Benefits Niacinamide is a versatile and effective ingredient in skincare, with benefits ranging from improving the skin barrier to regulating oil production. Some of the benefits include: Lipid barrier: Niacinamide can help your skin produce ceramides or what is called a lipid barrier, which can, in turn, helps retain moisture.
This is beneficial for all skin types, especially if you have eczema or mature skin. Minimises inflammation: Niacinamide can help reduce, which may help ease redness from eczema, acne, and rosacea. Regulates oil production: Niacinamide helps regulate the production of oil or sebum to prevent breakouts, making it suitable for oily skin types.
Treats hyperpigmentation : Niacinamide boosts skin brightness by reducing the production of melanin, which is what causes dark spots. Risks Niacinamide in skincare is generally considered safe, however there are a few risks to be mindful of. These risks include: Potential irritation: Like any skincare ingredient, niacinamide could cause irritation to the skin.
It is always important to patch test a product before committing it to your skincare routine. Allergic reactions: Although rare, in some cases niacinamide can cause allergic reactions like itching, swelling or hives. Overuse: Some products contain higher concentrations of niacinamide.
While generally safe, it's important to trial a product on a small patch of skin to reduce the likelihood of skin sensitivity. How to use niacinamide Niacinamide can be used both in the morning and the evening. It pairs well with most other ingredients and is less likely to be an irritant than some other skincare ingredients.
After cleansing and toning, apply a niacinamide serum and treatment to your skin. Follow with your moisturiser and sunscreen in the morning, or a night cream in the evening. Niacinamide is compatible with most other skincare ingredients, including retinol, hyaluronic acid, and vitamin C.
Recommended products BEST OVERALL - The Ordinary Niacinamide 10 per cent + Zinc 1 per cent BEST FOR BRIGHTENING - Paula's Choice 10 per cent Niacinamide Booster BEST FOR SENSITIVE SKIN - Eau Thermale Avène Hyaluron Activ B3 Concentrated Plumping Serum BEST FOR ACNE - CeraVe Acne Foaming Cream Cleanser BEST FOR ANTI-AGEING - Olay Regenerist Micro-Sculpting Cream BEST FOR LARGE PORES - Skinceuticals Discolouration Defense BEST FOR DRY SKIN - CeraVe PM Facial Moisturising Lotion BEST FOR COMBINATION SKIN - First Aid Beauty Ultra Repair Cream BEST FOR REDNESS - Dr. Dennis Gross Stress Rescue Super Serum BEST LUXURY - Sunday Riley A+ High-Dose Retinol Serum Photo by Shutterstock. SALICYLIC ACID: ACNE-FIGHTING What is salicylic acid and how does it work? Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA).
It is typically produced from willow bark and is well-known for reducing acne by exfoliating the skin and keeping pores clear. Due to its oil-soluble nature, salicylic acid is highly effective at penetrating the pores of the skin, making it a very popular ingredient in exfoliants and cleansers. Salicylic acid works by exfoliating the skin, specifically targeting the outer layer (stratum corneum).
It breaks down the bonds between dead skin cells and helps them to shed. Once inside the pores, BHA dissolves the excess sebum (oil) and dead skin cells that can cause blockages. This process helps to unclog pores and prevent the formation of blackheads and whiteheads.
Salicylic acid also has anti-inflammatory properties which help to reduce swelling and redness associated with acne. Regular use can improve the overall texture of the skin by keeping it smooth, calm and free of buildup. Benefits Salicylic acid is a powerful ingredient for treating acne, exfoliating the skin and regulating oil production.
The benefits of salicylic acid include: Clears pores: Salicylic acid exfoliating effect helps to regulate oil production and shed dead skin cells, making the skin less likely to break out. Anti-inflammatory: Helps to fight inflammation, reduce swelling and redness associated with acne. Whitehead and blackhead treatment: Because salicylic acid can directly dissolve keratin plugs and regulate skin cells, it is an effective treatment for breakouts.
However, it may not be the right treatment for cystic acne. Risks Overuse : Too much salicylic acid on the skin can cause irritation, especially for sensitive skin types. Sensitive skin : People with dry or sensitive skin might be best to avoid salicylic acid unless suggested by a dermatologist, because it can have an irritating and drying effect.
Not suitable for everyone: Salicylic acid is generally considered not appropriate for pregnant women or people on medications like blood thinners. How to use salicylic acid Salicylic acid can be used once or twice daily, depending on the product concentration and your skin type. If you're new to using salicylic acid, always start slowly before increasing the frequency to build tolerance.
If using a salicylic acid cleanser, apply it first to cleanse the skin. If using a toner, apply it after cleansing. Serums or spot treatments should be applied after toning, and before moisturising.
Salicylic acid pairs well with other acne-fighting ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or niacinamide. However, it's important to avoid over-exfoliating by combining it with other strong acids like AHAs. Always consult a dermatologist if you are unsure.
As salicylic acid exfoliates the skin, it can make it more sensitive to the sun. Always use sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from UV damage. Recommended products BEST OVERALL - Paula's Choice Skin Perfecting 2 per cent BHA Liquid Exfoliant BEST FOR ACNE - La Roche-Posay Effaclar Duo Dual Action Acne Treatment BEST DRUGSTORE - Neutrogena Oil-Free Acne Wash BEST FOR SENSITIVE SKIN - CeraVe Renewing SA Cleanser BEST FOR BODY ACNE - Murad Acne Body Wash BEST FOR PORES - The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2 per cent Solution BEST FOR EXFOLIATION - COSRX BHA Blackhead Power Liquid BEST SPOT TREATMENT - Clean and Clear Advantage Acne Spot Treatment BEST MASK - Glamglow Supermud Clearing Treatment Photo by Shutterstock.
PEPTIDES: BUILDING BLOCKS OF SKIN What are peptides and how do they work? Peptides are short chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. In the context of skincare, peptides are used to signal to the skin to perform certain functions, such as producing more collagen, elastin and other proteins that are essential for maintaining the skin's structure and resilience. One of the primary function of peptides in skincare is to stimulate the production of collagen, a protein that gives the skin its firmness and elasticity.
As we age, collagen production naturally decreases. Peptides sends signals to skin cells to keep producing collagen, in turn helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Peptides help reinforce the skin's protective barrier by stimulating the production of proteins and lipids that form this barrier.
A strong skin barrier is essential for retaining moisture and protecting the skin from environmental stressors. Some peptides, known as carrier peptides, help with moisture retention and overall skin hydrating, leading to a plumper and more hydrated complexion. Benefits Peptides offer a range of benefits from boosting collagen production to strengthening the skin barrier.
The benefits of using peptides include: Collagen production: Peptides stimulate the production of collagen, which can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Strengthens skin barrier : Helps fortify the skin's natural barrier by promoting the production of proteins and lipids that make up the barrier. Improves skin elasticity: By encouraging the production of elastin, peptides help improve the skin's elasticity, resulting in skin that is more resilient, bouncy and less prone to sagging.
Reduces inflammation: Peptides have anti-inflammatory properties, making them effective in soothing irritated skin and reducing redness. Hydrates and moisturises : Certain peptides, especially carrier peptides, help enhance moisture retention and hydration. Improves skin texture : Regular use of peptides can lead to smoother skin by promoting cell turnover and reducing appearance of uneven areas.
Risks While peptides are generally considered safe, it's important to note that they may not be as effective with ingredients like AHAs and BHAs. The risks of applying peptides include: Potential for ineffectiveness: Peptides are relatively large molecules, which can make it difficult for them to penetrate deeply into the skin. Some peptide products may not deliver the intended results if they cannot reach the deeper layers of skin.
Risk of irritation : While rare, some individuals may experience irritation, redness or allergic reactions. Cost: Peptide-based skincare products can be expensive, especially those that contain high concentrations of advanced peptides. Incompatibility with certain ingredients: Peptides may be less effective with certain ingredients such as AHAs and BHAs, as they can compromise its effectiveness.
Stability issues : Peptides can be sensitive to their environment, including factors like PH, light, and temperature. This can affect their stability and efficacy if not stored correctly. How to use peptides Peptides can be used in both the morning and the evening.
They are often found in serums, moisturisers and eye creams, and can be applied after cleansing and toning, and before using a moisturiser. Peptides are generally safe to use with most other skincare ingredients. They work well with ingredients like hyaluronic acid for hydration and can be paired with antioxidants like vitamin C for enhanced anti-ageing benefits.
To see the best results from peptides, consistency is key. Regular use over time can help reinforce the skin's structure and improve overall appearance. Recommended products BEST OVERALL - The Ordinary Buffet + Copper Peptides 1 per cent BEST FOR FIRMING - Drunk Elephant Protini Polypeptide Cream BEST FOR HYDRATION - Elemis Pro-Collagen Marine Cream BEST FOR ANTI-AGEING - COSRX 6X Peptide Collagen Booster BEST BUDGET - Inkey List Collagen Booster BEST FOR WRINKLES - HARUHARU 5 Peptide Concentrate Cream BEST FOR MATURE SKIN - Peter Thomas Roth Peptide 21 Wrinkle Resist Moisturiser What are the top skincare ingredients and how do they work? ALPHA HYDROXY ACIDS (AHAs): GENTLE EXFOLIATORS What are AHAs and how do they work? Alpha Hydroxy Acids, commonly known as AHAs, are a group of water-soluble acids derived from fruits, milk and sugar.
They are widely used in skincare for their exfoliating properties. The most well-known AHAs include glycolic acid (derived from sugar cane), lactic acid (from milk), citric acid (from citrus fruits), and malic acid (from apples). AHAs work by gentle exfoliating the skin's surface (stratum corneum), breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, and promoting their shedding.
This process reveals fresher, smoother, and more evenly toned skin underneath. Regular use can also even out skin tone by reducing hyperpigmentation and dark spots. Certain AHAs, particularly lactic acid, have hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making them ideal for dry skin types.
AHAs can also stimulate the production of collagen, a protein that helps keep the skin firm and elastic. This can lead to a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles over time. Benefits AHAs are popular for their exfoliating and skin smoothing properties.
Some of the benefits of AHAs include: Exfoliation: AHAs are excellent exfoliators that remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. Improved skin texture : Regular use of AHAs can reduce rough skin and make it feel more smooth and supple. Even skin tone : AHAs help to reduce the signs of hyperpigmentation and dark spots, leading to a more even tone over time.
Hydration: Some AHAs, particularly lactic acid (derived from milk) contains moisturising properties that can help the skin stay hydrated. Reduction of fine lines and wrinkles : AHAs stimulate collagen production, which can help give the skin a plumper appearance and smooth out fine lines and wrinkles. Risks For some people with sensitive skin, AHAs can be irritating and drying.
They also leave the skin sensitive to sunlight. Consider these risks associated with AHAs: Skin irritation: AHAs, especially in higher concentrations, can cause irritation, redness, and a stinging sensation, especially for those with sensitive skin or when first introduced into a routine. Increased sun sensitivity : Because AHAs can make the skin more sensitive to the sun, it also increases the risk of sunburn and UV damage.
It's crucial to use sunscreen daily when using AHAs to protect the skin from harmful UV rays. Dryness and flaking: Overuse or using a concentration that's too strong can lead to excessive dryness and flaking as the skin adjusts to the exfoliation. Risk of over-exfoliation: Using AHAs too frequently or in combination with other exfoliating ingredients (like retinol or physical scrubs) can lead to over-exfoliation.
This can compromise the skin's barrier, leading to irritation, redness and potential breakouts. How to use AHAs Begin by cleansing your face with a gentle, non-abrasive cleanser. This will remove dirt, oil and makeup, ensuring your skin is clean and ready to absorb the AHA product.
Make sure to patch test the product before applying it to your entire face. Apply a small amount to a discreet area like behind your ear or your jawline to see how your skin reacts. Wait 24 hours to check for any irritation or adverse reaction.
If you are applying an AHA serum or lotion, massage it into the skin using gentle, upward strokes. Focus on areas you want to target and avoid sensitive areas around the eyes and lips unless the product is specifically formulated for those areas. Give your skin time to absorb the ingredients before following up with another product.
Use moisturiser to help hydrate your skin and lock in moisture. If you apply AHAs in the morning, it is crucial to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen as AHAs can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Recommended products BEST OVERALL - Drunk Elephant T.
L.C Framboos Glycolic Night Serum BEST FOR SENSITIVE SKIN - REN Clean Skincare Ready Steady Glow AHA Tonic BEST FOR ACNE - Paula's Choice Skin Perfecting 8 per cent AHA Gel Exfoliant BEST ANTI-AGEING - Sunday Riley Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment BEST FOR DRY SKIN - The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5 per cent + HA BEST FOR BRIGHTENING - Pixi Glow Tonic BEST MASK - Dr. Dennis Gross Alpha Beta Universal Daily Peel BEST BUDGET - Neutrogena Hydro Boost + Gycolic Acid Overnight Peel Photo by Shutterstock.
SUNSCREEN: SUN PROTECTION What is sunscreen and how does it work? Sunscreen is a topical product designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. While it is not a singular skincare ingredient per se, it's an important product for all skin types to consider. Sunscreen is an essential part of any skincare routine, especially for preventing sunburn, premature ageing and reducing the risk of skin cancer.
Sunscreen works by creating a protective barrier on the skin that either absorbs, reflects or scatters UV radiation. Always choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen to ensure it protects from both UVA and UVB radiation. Chemical sunscreens contain organic (carbon-based) compounds that absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin.
These products are typically lighter in texture and easier to rub into the skin. However, they may cause irritation in sensitive skin and may require frequent application. Physical or mineral sunscreens contain natural minerals like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide that sit on top of the skin and reflect or scatter UV rays away from the skin.
These products are less likely to cause irritation, provide broad-spectrum protection and start working immediately upon application. However, they can be thicker and may leave a white cast when applied. Benefits There are many preventative benefits of using sunscreen, including preventing the likelihood of skin cancers, sunburn, and premature ageing.
The benefits of using sunscreen includes: Prevention of sunburn : Sunscreen protects the skin from the harmful effects of UV rays, which cause sunburn. By applying sunscreen regularly, you can prevent the pain, redness and peeling associated with sunburn. Reduced risk of skin cancer: One of the most significant benefits of sunscreen is its ability to reduce the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma.
Prevention of premature ageing : Regular use of sunscreen helps prevent signs of premature ageing such as wrinkles, fine lines and age spots. By blocking these rays, sunscreen can help maintain a youthful appearance. Risks While sunscreen is a vital part of every skincare routine, sunscreen should be used in conjunction with other sun safe practices.
The risks of using sunscreen include: Skin irritation : Some people may experience irritation or allergic reactions to some sunscreen ingredients, particularly in chemical sunscreens. Acne breakouts: Certain sunscreens, especially those that are oil-based or contain heavy emollients, can clog pores and lead to acne breakouts. Eye irritation: If sunscreen gets into the eyes, it can sometimes lead to tearing, stinging or discomfort.
Environmental damage: Some chemical sunscreen ingredients such as oxybenzone and oxtinoxate have been linked to coral reef damage and are banned in certain areas. Opting for reef-safe sunscreens, which typically contain mineral ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, can mitigate the risk. Incomplete protection : Sunscreen is not 100 per cent effective and should be used as part of a comprehensive sun protection strategy, including wearing protective clothing, seeking shade and avoiding peak sun hours.
How to use sunscreen Use a generous amount of sunscreen and rub it into the entire body and face, even on cloudy days. Apply sunscreen 15-30 minutes before sun exposure to allow it to properly absorb into the skin. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or more frequently if swimming, sweating or towel drying.
Sunscreen should be the last step in your morning skincare routine, applied after moisturising and before makeup (if applicable). If using a spray sunscreen, ensure even coverage by rubbing it into the skin after spraying. Recommended products BEST OVERALL - EltaMD UV Clear Broad-Spectrum SPF 46 BEST FOR DAILY USE - La Roche-Posay Anthelios Melt-In Milk SPF 100 BEST BUDGET - Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 45 BEST FOR DRY SKIN - CeraVe Hydrating Sunscreen SPF 50 BEST MINERAL SUNSCREEN - Blue Lizard Australian Sunscreen SPF 30+ BEST FOR ANTI-AGEING - Murad Age-Balancing Broad Spectrum SPF 30 BEST FOR SENSITIVE SKIN - Aveeno Positively Mineral Sensitive Skin Sunscreen SPF 50 CONCLUSION Trying new skincare products can a rewarding self-care exercise that can provide stability in your day and make you feel relaxed and cared for.
Knowing exactly what ingredients are in these products, what they're intended for, and how they work can greatly enhance that experience (and make you feel like a true beauty expert). If your concern is dry skin, consider hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid and peptides. If it's mild acne that's bothering you, look to ingredients like salicylic acid and niacinamide.
And if you're ever unsure, always seek out the opinion of a dermatologist to guide you in the right direction for what's right for you. They are, after all, experts for a reason. FAQs 1.
What is the best skincare routine for my skin type? Consult a dermatologist to determine your skin type (dry, oily, combination, sensitive) and get personalized recommendations. 2. How often should I wash my face? Wash your face twice a day, morning and night, with a gentle cleanser that suits your skin type.
3. What are the key ingredients to look for in skincare products? Look for ingredients like antioxidants (vitamin C, E), hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, and ceramides to hydrate, protect, and soothe skin. 4.
Should I use a toner after washing my face? Yes, a toner can help balance your skin's pH level, remove any remaining impurities, and prepare it for subsequent skincare products. 5. How often should I exfoliate my skin? Exfoliate 1-2 times per week to remove dead skin cells and unclog pores, depending on your skin's sensitivity.
6. What is the best way to protect my skin from the sun? Wear sunscreen daily, even on cloudy days, and choose a broad-spectrum, water-resistant formula with SPF 30 or higher. 7.
How can I improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles? Use anti-aging products containing ingredients like retinol, peptides, and alpha-hydroxy acids to stimulate collagen production and smooth skin. If you want to achieve a comprehensive skincare routine from the 'inside-out', you may consider digestible beauty supplements . Share Facebook Twitter Whatsapp Email Copy Miranda Aitken Digital Commercial Journalist More from Canberra 'Ricky gave me a challenge': Tough love sparks a Savage resurgence 7m ago No comment s ACT needs to find a cheaper option to deliver a stadium, Barr says 52m ago No comment s Alleged teenage driver accused of fleeing after fatal crash 1hr ago Vale Sarah Mamalai: Mum and brain cancer campaigner who gave her all 1hr ago No comment s How to celebrate Wattle Day, Father's Day, and more this weekend 1hr ago No comment s Will a falling population be better for the environment? 2hrs ago No comment s Newsletters & Alerts View all DAILY DURING PARALYMPICS The Paralympic Breakfast Get the best news and analysis from the Paris Paralympic Games in a daily update.
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