Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, often described as feeling as though either you or your surroundings are moving when they are not. This condition is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom of various underlying causes. It is typically associated with problems in the inner ear or the brain.
The most common cause of vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), where tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and affect balance. Other causes include Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, or labyrinthitis, which involve inflammation of the inner ear structures. Vertigo can also be caused by neurological issues such as a stroke or brain injury, although these are less common.
In addition to dizziness, vertigo may cause nausea, vomiting, difficulty walking, and a general sense of imbalance. The intensity of the sensation can vary, with some people experiencing mild unsteadiness, while others may feel like they are spinning uncontrollably. Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause.
In some cases, exercises to reposition the crystals in the inner ear (like the Epley maneuver) can help. Medications may be prescribed to control nausea or dizziness. Physical therapy, including vestibular rehabilitation, can also help improve balance.
In rare cases, surgery may be required if vertigo is caused by a more serious condition. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment..
