Systematic review finds lifelong immunity from a single yellow fever vaccine, with rare cases of breakthrough infections. Study: Yellow fever breakthrough infections after yellow fever vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Image Credit: chemical industry/Shutterstock.
com In a recent study published in The Lancet Microbe , researchers summarized evidence on yellow fever breakthrough infections after primary vaccination. Background Yellow fever, caused by the yellow fever virus, is an acute febrile and potentially fatal hemorrhagic illness, with an estimated 30,000 annual deaths and case fatality risk of 40% in the symptomatic population. The virus is transmitted by mosquito vectors of Haemagogus or Aedes genera.
Yellow fever is endemic to South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Preventive measures are paramount since there are no effective treatments. Nevertheless, a live-attenuated vaccine developed in the 1930s is available but is contraindicated for specific populations.
Vaccination as pre-exposure prophylaxis confers effective immunity, with short- and long-term seroprotection rates ranging from 71% to 100% and 48% to 100%, respectively. The World Health Organization (WHO), revising its position on booster vaccination in 2015, stated that a single dose confers lifelong protection and that revaccination was unnecessary. However, this matter has since been debated, with studies mainly focused on neutralizing antibodies .
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