The World Health Organisation has declared that the increasing spread of mpox in Africa is a global health emergency, warning the virus might ultimately spill across international borders. The announcement by WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus came after a meeting of the UN health agency’s emergency committee. The Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared mpox a public health emergency on Tuesday.
Officials said there have been more than 14,000 cases and 524 deaths in Africa this year, which already exceed last year’s figures. So far, more than 96 per cent of all cases and deaths are in a single country — the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Scientists are concerned by the spread of a new version of the disease there that might be more easily transmitted among people.
More than 4,000 cases of mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, were detected in the UK following an outbreak in 2022 but UK health officials said although a new variant is causing greater concern, the current risk to Britons is low. The emergence last year and rapid spread of a new virus strain in DRC, clade 1b, is one of the main reasons for the latest WHO declaration. Currently, there are no cases of Clade 1 mpox confirmed in the UK.
The UK Health Security Agency welcome the move from the WHO to release funding to accelerate vaccine access for lower-income countries and support surveillance, preparedness and response activities. Dr Meera Chand, Deputy Director at UKHSA, said: “The risk to the UK population is currently considered low. However, planning is underway to prepare for any cases that we might see in the UK.
This includes ensuring that clinicians are aware and able to recognise cases promptly, that rapid testing is available, and that protocols are developed for the safe clinical care of people who have the infection and the prevention of onward transmission.” People are advised to follow the NHS’ advice on mpox, which is available at Mpox – NHS (www.nhs.
uk) What is mpox? Mpox, known as monkeypox until 2022 when it was officially renamed, was first identified by scientists in 1958 when there were outbreaks of a “pox-like” disease in monkeys. Until recently, most human cases were seen in people in central and West Africa who had close contact with infected animals. In 2022, the virus was confirmed to spread via sex for the first time and triggered outbreaks in more than 70 countries across the world that had not previously reported mpox.
Mpox belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox but causes milder symptoms like fever, chills and body aches. People with more serious cases can develop lesions on the face, hands, chest and genitals. Why is it spreading so rapidly? During the global outbreak of mpox in 2022, gay and bisexual men made up the vast majority of cases and the virus was mostly spread through close contact, including sex.
Although some similar patterns have been seen in Africa, children under 15 now account for more than 70 per cent of the mpox cases and 85 per cent of deaths in Congo. Ahead of its emergency meeting, Tedros said officials were dealing with several mpox outbreaks in various countries with “different modes of transmission and different levels of risk.” “Stopping these outbreaks will require a tailored and comprehensive response,” he said.
Greg Ramm, Save the Children’s Congo director, said the organisation was particularly worried about the spread of mpox in the crowded camps for refugees in the east, noting there were 345,000 children “crammed into tents in unsanitary conditions.” He said the country’s health system was already “collapsing” under the strain of malnutrition, measles and cholera. Dr Boghuma Titanji, an infectious diseases expert at Emory University, said it was unclear why children were so disproportionately hit by mpox in Congo.
She said it might be because kids are more susceptible to the virus or that social factors, like overcrowding and exposure to parents who caught the disease, might explain it. What is happening in Africa? The number of cases has jumped dramatically. Last week, the Africa CDC reported that mpox has now been detected in at least 13 African countries.
Compared with the same period last year, the agency said cases are up 160 per cent and deaths have increased by 19 per cent. Earlier this year, scientists reported the emergence of a new form of mpox in a Congolese mining town that can kill up to 10 per cent of people and may spread more easily. Unlike in previous mpox outbreaks, where lesions were mostly seen on the chest, hands and feet, the new form of mpox causes milder symptoms and lesions on the genitals.
That makes it harder to spot, meaning people might also sicken others without knowing they’re infected. Read Next Mpox outbreak likened to HIV as it is declared global public health emergency The WHO said mpox was recently identified for the first time in four East African countries: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. All of those outbreaks were linked to the epidemic in Congo.
Tedros said there was concern for the further spread of the disease within Africa and beyond. In the Ivory Coast and South Africa, health authorities have reported outbreaks of a different and less dangerous version of mpox that spread worldwide in 2022. How might mpox be stopped? The 2022 outbreak of mpox in dozens of countries was largely shut down with the use of vaccines and treatments in rich countries, in addition to convincing people to avoid risky behaviour.
But barely any vaccines or treatments have been available in Africa. Professor Marks, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said that immunisation would likely help — including inoculating people against smallpox, a related virus. “We need a large supply of vaccine so that we can vaccinate populations most at risk,” he said, adding that would mean sex workers, children and adults living in outbreak regions.
Congo has said it’s in talks with donors about possible vaccine donations and has gotten some financial aid from Britain and the US. The WHO had already released $1.45m from its emergency fund to support the response to mpox in Africa, but said it needs an initial $15m to fund that response.
What does an emergency declaration mean? The WHO’s emergency declaration is meant to spur donor agencies and countries into action. But the global response to previous declarations has been mixed. Africa CDC Director General Dr.
Jean Kaseya said the agency’s declaration of a public health emergency was meant “to mobilise our institutions, our collective will and our resources to act swiftly and decisively.” He appealed to Africa’s international partners for help, saying that the escalating caseload in Africa had largely been ignored. “It’s clear that current control strategies aren’t working and there is a clear need for more resources,” said Michael Marks, a professor of medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
“If a (global emergency declaration) is the mechanism to unlock these things, then it is warranted,” he said..
