In this interview, Dr. Tilman explains the functions of iPSC-derived microglia and their relevance to conditions like Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Can you please explain what microglia are? Microglia are the primary immune cells found in the brain and spinal cord.
They are tissue-resident macrophages that emerge from progenitor cells in the yolk sac throughout embryonic development. They help maintain the homeostasis of neurons and other glial cells while contributing to inflammatory responses. Microglia can occur in varied levels of activation: Resting or Surveying State: In the absence of pathology, microglia continuously scan the environment.
Activated State: In response to injury or disease, microglia respond by altering their activity, releasing inflammatory mediators and phagocytic activity. What is the function of microglial cells? Microglia are critical for maintaining CNS homeostasis, responding to injury, and regulating the brain's immune system. Microglia provide various essential functions: Immune defense: Microglia constantly monitor the CNS environment and respond to injury or disease by removing damaged cells, pathogens, and debris via phagocytosis.
Synaptic pruning: Microglia help refine neural circuits during development by removing unnecessary synapses. Regulation of inflammation: Microglia release cytokines and other signaling molecules to modulate inflammation within the CNS. Neuroprotection and repair: Microglia secrete neurotrophic.