Tuberculosis dates back more than 9,000 years. It is the most infectious bacterial disease and in 2022 10.6 million people fell ill with it.
Of these 23% occurred in Africa. The only vaccine against tuberculosis, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, is more than 100 years old and is primarily effective for infants and young children. Researchers at the University of the Witwatersrand School of Pathology have made a significant breakthrough in vaccine development by gene-editing the BCG to make it more effective.
Mice vaccinated with the modified BCG vaccine were better able to limit tuberculosis growth in their lungs than mice that had received the original vaccine. Microbiologist Bavesh Kana , one of the lead researchers, explains to Nadine Dreyer from The Conversation Africa the science behind this breakthrough and the potential it holds for other vaccines. How do vaccines work? Vaccines primarily work by mimicking dangerous infectious agents.
You want your immune system to recognise the vaccine as an “invader” and then mount an immune response to it. But you don’t want the invasive agent to make you sick. To understand how vaccines work, it helps to look at how the immune system works, because vaccines harness the natural activity of your immune system.
The immune system: There are about 100 trillion bacteria and viruses in the gastrointestinal tract . The proteins and sugars on the surface of bacteria, viruses or other disease-causing pathogens have differe.