A recent review in the journal Nature Reviews Microbiology explored the interactions between the oral and gut microbiomes and their collective effect on human health. Authors Jack A. Gilbert of the University of California San Diego and Erica M.
Hartmann of Northwestern University found that while oral microorganisms may enter the gastrointestinal tract and contribute to gut dysbiosis, the mechanisms and broader implications of these interactions require further study. Review Article: The indoors microbiome and human health. Image Credit: Lightspring / Shutterstock The importance of the gut microbiome The human body hosts a vast diversity of microorganisms that play a vital role in health by supporting the immune system and defending against pathogens.
However, they may also contribute to chronic diseases. Dysbiosis, or disruptions in these microbial communities, is linked to metabolic and autoimmune disorders and gastrointestinal issues. The gut and oral cavity are two key areas with dense microbial populations.
The oral microbiome is influenced by food and environment and has been linked to oral diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis, affecting systemic health by influencing microbial populations in the digestive and respiratory systems. The gut microbiome, shaped by genetics, diet, and lifestyle, is crucial for immune responses and infection prevention. Understanding the interactions between the gut and oral microbiomes is necessary for grasping their impact on disease.