Researchers have identified a protein that may prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD), according to a new study published in the Developmental Cell on Oct. 2. The study used human stem cells rather than animal models, which may give a more accurate depiction of what is happening in AMD, according to the researchers.
Compared to healthy people, AMD patients’ retinal cells overproduced a type of protein called tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), which leads to a buildup of fats and proteins called drusen. Drusen are a marker of early-stage AMD. In AMD, the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp vision, becomes damaged.
In the early stages, yellow deposits of drusen begin to accumulate in the retina. Early AMD symptoms include blurred vision or seeing a black spot in the central field of vision, making everyday activities like reading, driving, and even recognizing faces increasingly difficult. Dry AMD, which accounts for 90 percent of diagnosed cases, is characterized by the gradual buildup of drusen and slow vision loss.
Wet AMD, which is less common and more severe, is linked to the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina. By boosting MMP2 levels, the researchers were able to reduce drusen accumulation. Singh’s team has filed provisional patents for enzyme inhibitors that could help treat the disease.
Next steps include preclinical studies and determining the best method of delivery, such as oral medication or eye drops. Only a.