In a new study, researchers compared the orientations of nerve fibers in a human brainstem using two advanced imaging techniques: diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)-based tractography and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). The findings could aid in combining these techniques, which each offer unique advantages, to advance our understanding of the brain's microstructure and help inform new techniques for early diagnosis of various brain disorders. Isabella Aguilera-Cuenca from the University of Arizona presents this research at Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science (FiO LS), held 23–26 September 2024 at the Colorado Convention Center in Denver.
"Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly widespread as lifespans increase and populations age—better understanding the link between brain microstructure and these diseases could lead to developing improved methods for prevention, detection, and management," said Aguilera-Cuenca. Nerve fiber orientation is an important aspect of brain microstructure due to its influence on the connectivity and communication pathways in the brain. One way to study this microstructure is by using dMRI, a non-invasive imaging method that uses water molecule diffusion to reveal structural connectivity.
A specialized application of dMRI known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to reconstruct nerve fiber pathways through a process known as tractography. Although DTI is sensitive to differences acros.