How Thyroid Hormones Influence Brain Function Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating many aspects of our body, but their impact on brain function, particularly cognition and behaviour, is an area of growing interest. While thyroid health is often linked with metabolism, weight management, and energy levels, its influence extends deeper into the brain’s functioning and mental well-being. This connection is crucial for understanding how thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, can affect both physical and cognitive health.
Role of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Function Thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are critical for brain development and function throughout life. These hormones are produced by the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. Once released into the bloodstream, they travel to different parts of the body, including the brain, where they influence several crucial processes.
1. Cognitive Function and Memory The brain, especially the hippocampus (responsible for memory), is highly sensitive to thyroid hormones. Adequate levels of T3 and T4 ensure proper functioning of neurons, the cells responsible for transmitting signals in the brain.
These hormones promote synaptic plasticity, the brain’s ability to adapt and form new connections. This is fundamental for learning, memory retention, and overall cognitive function. When thyroid hormone levels are imbalanced, individuals .