South America’s landscape is otherworldly. The Patagonian Andes, Ecuador’s cloud forests, the Pantanal and Pampas are immense areas where 500 years of “development” have not wiped out flora or fauna. The Amazon basin, which spreads over more than a third of the landmass and eight of South America’s 12 countries, is a peerless biodiversity hotspot.
South America’s human geography is equally enthralling. The tapestry is complex and the art, music, cuisine and other cultural expressions are (mixed), like many people’s ethnic inheritance. The continent’s Italian and Spanish-inflected cuisines, colonial-era churches and modern metropolises can feel familiar but fascinating for existing far from their origin.
A trip into rural areas permits contact with indigenous-dominant groups, which can be instructive when well managed. Pre-Columbian ancient sites and syncretic Christianity and local beliefs are very much on show. The across all the nations except Brazil and the Guianas is Spanish, making travel straightforward.
But don’t expect homogeneity – the delights of South America lie in the nuances, differences and imprecise borderlands of national character. Each country has its own USP (marketing speak for “unique selling proposition”). For this beginners’ guide, we’ve highlighted the big-hitting regions, cities and sites.
Argentina, Brazil and Chile continue to be favourites with travellers, beach-lovers and those who want a little luxury. Peru and Bolivi.