Editor’s note: Discover Kazakhstan is a column dedicated to exploring the rich cultural heritage and natural wonders of the country. Each article explores various aspects of Kazakh life and history, offering insights and stories that highlight the unique significance. Batu Khan/from open access.
The birthplace of Kazakh statehood This year, Kazakhstan commemorates the 800th anniversary of the Ulus of Jochi, a pivotal chapter in its rich history. Established in 1224 by the legendary Genghis Khan as an inheritance for his eldest son, Jochi, this vast domain stretched across the Eurasian steppes, encompassing the Volga region, Russia, the Black Sea, and the Caucasus. Under the leadership of Jochi’s son, Batu, the Ulus (or the State) flourished and eventually became the largest state in medieval Europe, laying the groundwork for the future Kazakh Khanate and shaping the cultural and political identity of the region.
A 1562 map. Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae Descriptio by Abraham Ortelius, Antwerp, 1592/Wikimedia Commons. What do we know about Jochi? Born in the 1180s, Jochi was the eldest son and presumed heir of Genghis Khan.
However, his successes sparked jealousy in his brother Chagatai, who questioned Jochi’s legitimacy due to their mother’s capture prior to his birth. Despite this, Jochi held a high position, referred to as Ulus-idi (ruler of the ulus) or khan, signifying his authority. Jochi’s domain encompassed northern Khwarazm, Turkistan, and parts of modern .