Smoking has long been recognised as a major health hazard, contributing to various chronic diseases and among the most severe consequences are the long-term effects on heart health. Despite extensive public health campaigns and warnings, smoking remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses conditions like coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Abhijit Borse, Interventional Cardiologist at Asian Heart Institute in Mumbai, explained the intricate ways in which smoking damages the heart is crucial for both prevention and treatment efforts - Mechanisms of Damage Atherosclerosis: Smoking accelerates the process of atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow.
This can lead to coronary artery disease, the leading cause of heart attacks. The chemicals in cigarette smoke damage the lining of the arteries, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup. Blood Clot Formation: Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes promote blood clot formation by making the blood stickier and increasing the levels of clotting factors.
This raises the risk of blockages in the arteries, which can cause heart attacks and strokes. Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Nicotine causes an immediate increase in heart rate and blood pressure by stimulating the release of adrenaline. Over time, this constant stress on the cardiovascular system can lead to hyperte.