NEW YORK — The Commerce Department said Monday it's seeking a ban on the sale of connected and autonomous vehicles in the U.S. that are equipped with Chinese and Russian software and hardware with the stated goal of protecting national security and U.

S. drivers. While there is minimal Chinese and Russian software deployed in the U.

S, the issue is more complicated for hardware. There are more Chinese parts on U.S.

vehicles than software, and software can be changed much faster than physical parts. Replacing hardware also could require complex engineering and assembly line changes. That's why Commerce officials said the prohibitions on the software would take effect for the 2027 model year and the prohibitions on hardware would take effect for the model year of 2030, or Jan.

1, 2029, for units without a model year. The measure announced Monday is proactive but critical, the agency said, given that all the bells and whistles in cars like microphones, cameras, GPS tracking and Bluetooth technology could make Americans more vulnerable to bad actors and potentially expose personal information, from the home address of drivers, to where their children go to school. In extreme situations, a foreign adversary could shut down or take simultaneous control of multiple vehicles operating in the United States, causing crashes and blocking roads, U.

S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo told reporters on a call Sunday. "This is not about trade or economic advantage," Raimondo said.

"This .